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Beryl
Chemical Composition Beryllium aluminum silicate. Relative amounts of additional metals give rise to the different colour varieties.
Colour Very wide colour range.
Refractive Index R.I 1.58-1.59, varying with the composition
Durability Hardness 7.5-8
Crystal Structure Hexagonal
Specific Gravity 2.66-2.9

Sources / Occurrence

 Very widespread including Colombia, Brazil, Madagascar, Zimbabwe, and Zambia
Varieties

Aquamarine- Blue or greenish Beryl. Emerald- Medium to dark green beryl, which derives its colour from chromium or vanadium.

Goshenite- Colourless and low- priced.

Green beryl- Light to medium green (not bluish) beryl.

Heliodor- Golden yellow beryl.

Red beryl(Bixbite)- rarest of beryls, found only in the Wah Wah Mountains of Utah.  

Morganite-Fine, intense purplish-pink stones from Madagascar and other locales.